ALGORITHM FOR APPLICATION OF METHODS FOR DETECTING CENTRAL SIGNS OF AN EMERGENCY SITUATION DUE TO FIRE AT CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-179-187Keywords:
emergency situation, critical infrastructure object, technique, focal signs, thermal damageAbstract
The work is devoted to the solution of an actual scientific task in the field of civil protection, namely, the development of an algorithm for the application of the technique of detecting focal signs of an emergency situation due to a fire at critical infrastructure facilities. Recommendations for the practical application of the methodology as the basis of the method of non-destructive control of the processes of preventing emergency situations due to a fire of a terrorist nature at the objects of critical infrastructure of Ukraine are given.
the algorithm for the application of the method of detecting focal signs of an emergency situation due to a fire at critical infrastructure facilities consists of three procedures, namely: procedures for conducting measurements at a critical infrastructure facility, procedures for statistical processing of measurement results, fire reconstruction procedures.
The received general recommendations of the fire reconstruction procedure can be reduced to the following. In particular, we note that the value of the electrical resistance of soot is related to the mode of combustion in one or another zone. If this value, which was measured directly above the investigated area, exceeds 1010-1011 Ohm, then this indicates that there was no intense flame burning in this area, but the burning took place in the form of smoldering.
Long-term smoldering of a fire load in conditions of insufficient air exchange can lead to the formation of a thick layer of greasy soot on the ceiling and in the upper part of the walls, sometimes with clear drops of the liquid phase or drop-like spots. This can be observed in small rooms and other volumes that are not ventilated. If the combustion moves from such premises to a larger space with better air exchange, and a flaming combustion occurs, then the formed electrical resistance pattern will mainly reflect the development of flaming combustion.
The source of the fire may appear in the form of soot burning or extremely low values of its electrical resistance, or vice versa, in a rather thick layer of soot with a high content of extractive substances.
Thus, the interpretation of the results of the measurement of electrical resistance must be accompanied by an analysis of the specifics of the volume-planning decisions of the building (room), the conditions of air exchange, and the distribution of the fire load.
The obtained results of the soot research can be used within the framework of fire engineering expertise to reconstruct the process of the occurrence and development of combustion, including to establish the center of the fire.
References
Ibrahimbegovic, A., Boulkertous, A., Davenne, L., Muhasilovic, M., Duhovnik, J. & Pokrklic, A., (2009). Fire Induced Damage in Structures and Infrastructure: Analysis, Testing and Modeling January 2009 NATO. Security through Science Series C: Environmental Security. Damage Assessment and Reconstruction after War or Natural Disaster, 309-329 DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2386-5_12
Papalou, A., Baros, K., (2019). Assessing Structural Damage after a Severe Wildfire: A Case Study Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peloponnese; 26334 Patras, Greece. Buildings, 9(7), 171 DOI: http://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9070171
Jakubowski, K., Paś, J., Duer, S., & Bugaj, J., (2021). Operational Analysis of Fire Alarm Systems with a Focused, Dispersed and Mixed Structure in Critical Infrastructure Buildings, Energies 14(23), 7893; DOI: http://doi.org/10.3390/en14237893
Aliş, B., Yazici, C., & Özkal, F.M., (2022). Investigation of Fire Effects on Reinforced Concrete Members via Finite Element Analysis ACS Omega 2022, 7(30), 26881–26893 DOI: http://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c03414
Kodur, V., Kumar, P., & Rafi, M.M., Fire hazard in buildings: review, assessment and strategies for improving fire safety. PSU Research Review. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1108/PRR-12-2018-0033
Gemaya’, T., Selametb. S., Tondinic N., Khorasanid, N., (2016) Urban Infrastructure Resilience to Fire Disaster: An Overview. Procedia Engineering 161. World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium, 1801 -1805 DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.782
Gerasimidis, S., & Civjan, S., (2021). Post-Fire Damage Inspection of Concrete Structures. University of Massachusetts Amherst. 4-187 Retrieved from: https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/59901/dot_59901_DS1.pdf
Kodur, V., & Naser, M. Z., (2021). Fire hazard in transportation infrastructure: Review, assessment, and mitigation strategies. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 15(1), 46‒60 DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-020-0676-6
Kang, H., Cho H., Choi S., Heo I., Kim, H., & Kim K., (2019). Estimation of Heating Temperature for Fire-Damaged Concrete Structures Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, DOI: http://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233964
Dodman, D., Hayward. B., & Pelling M., (2022). Cities, Settlements and Key Infrastructure. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844.008
Shcherbak, O., Derevyanko, O., Neshpor, O., Shevchenko, R. (2023) Мethod of detecting central signs of emergency situation due to fire at critical infrastructure facilities. Municipal Economy of Cities, 1(175), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-1-175-105-111
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The authors who publish in this collection agree with the following terms:
• The authors reserve the right to authorship of their work and give the magazine the right to first publish this work under the terms of license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (with the Designation of Authorship - Non-Commercial - Without Derivatives 4.0 International), which allows others to freely distribute the published work with a mandatory reference to the authors of the original work and the first publication of the work in this magazine.
• Authors have the right to make independent extra-exclusive work agreements in the form in which they were published by this magazine (for example, posting work in an electronic repository of an institution or publishing as part of a monograph), provided that the link to the first publication of the work in this journal is maintained. .
• Journal policy allows and encourages the publication of manuscripts on the Internet (for example, in institutions' repositories or on personal websites), both before the publication of this manuscript and during its editorial work, as it contributes to the emergence of productive scientific discussion and positively affects the efficiency and dynamics of the citation of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
